Background: HIV infection and its progression to AIDS depend on several factors including host genetic factors that can modulate this process. Worldwide, Cameroon not exempted, the frequency of AIDS-restricted genes varies and may influence this prevalence. The North and Far North Regions of Cameroon have had the lowest HIV prevalence in the country for many years despite risky behaviours given their unique customs and habits. In this work, we seek to explore the contribution of host genes to the HIV low prevalence in these regions.
Five genes previously described as HIV AIDS related were studied. These genes are: CCR5Δ32, CCR5pro59029A/G, CCR2-64I, SDF1-3ʹA and Trim5α(136Q). A total of 384 participants were included in this study after obtaining their informed written consent. Blood sample was collected from each participant. The HIV serological status was confirmed using national algorithm. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buffy coats and used for genotyping. The results obtained were compiled in Epi Info 7.1 and snpStats software and Chi 2 tests allowed us to compare the frequencies of the AIDS related alleles in the North with those in other Regions of Cameroon and to measure the impact of these ARGs on protection against the acquisition of HIV.
The frequency of protective alleles CCR5Δ32, CCR5pro59029A/G, CCR2-64I, SDF1-3ʹA and Trim5α(136Q) was 0.52%; 37.56%; 36.46%; 25.19% and 69.33% respectively. These allelic frequencies exhibited a significant difference when compared to those obtained in other regions of Cameroon (P < 0.01). Protective alleles were predominant in the Northern region have been strongly associated with resistance to the prevalence of HIV [(P<0.001); OR=2.02 CI, 95% (1,31-2,72)].
The study of these host genetic restriction factors is of great value in the design of a practical cure for HIV infection or an effective vaccine, particularly in light of the development of new techniques for gene therapy.